What is black powder made of?

Black powder, also known as gunpowder, is primarily composed of a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. This combination serves as a propellant and explosive, with each component playing a crucial role in its effectiveness. Potassium nitrate acts as an oxidizer, providing the oxygen needed for combustion. Charcoal serves as the fuel, and sulfur helps to lower the ignition temperature, making the mixture more reactive.

The other combinations listed do not accurately reflect the constituents of black powder. For example, aluminum and potassium bicarbonate may be used in certain pyrotechnic compositions, but they do not form black powder. Magnesium and oxygen can create different types of reactions when combined but are not components of black powder. Similarly, the combination of nitrous oxide and glycerin does not relate to black powder and generally pertains to other types of propellants or explosives. Thus, the chosen answer highlights the correct formulation of black powder used in various applications, including fireworks and special effects.